Revision and Final Practice – C++ Fundamentals

What You’ll Gain

By the end of this post, you’ll:

  • Revisit all major topics covered in the C++ series
  • Strengthen your understanding with quick concept checks
  • A 30 points quiz to test yourself
  • Solve practical coding exercises
  • Know what to revise before your exam or next course (e.g., Data Structures)

Part 1: Topic-by-Topic Revision

1. Basics & Syntax

  • main() function is the entry point.
  • Use #include to include standard libraries.
  • cout and cin for output and input.

Quick Check:

  • Write a program that reads a number and prints it.

2. Variables & Data Types

  • Use int, float, double, char, bool, and string.
  • Constants are declared with const.

Quick Check:

  • Declare a double for temperature and a bool for status.

3. Control Flow

  • Use if, else if, and else to make decisions.
  • Combine conditions with &&, ||, !.

Quick Check:

  • Write a program that checks if a number is even or odd.

4. Loops

  • Use for, while, and do-while.
  • Use break and continue to control loop flow.

Quick Check:

  • Print numbers from 10 to 1 using a for loop.

5. Arrays & Vectors

  • Arrays have fixed size: int arr[5].
  • Vectors are dynamic: vector<int> nums; nums.push_back(5);

Quick Check:

  • Store 5 numbers in a vector and print the sum.

6. 2D Arrays

  • Syntax: int matrix[3][3];
  • Use nested loops to access elements.

Quick Check:

  • Input a 3×3 matrix and print its transpose.

7. Input / Output

  • Use cin, cout, and formatting from <iomanip>.
  • Use <fstream> for reading/writing files.

Quick Check:

  • Write 3 lines to a file, then read and print them.

8. Functions

  • Use parameters, return values, and function overloading.
  • Pass by value or reference.

Quick Check:

  • Write a function int max(int a, int b).

9. Memory & Pointers

  • Stack vs Heap.
  • int* p = new int; delete p;
  • Use & (address-of) and * (dereference).

Quick Check:

  • Write a function that swaps two values using pointers.

10. Recursion

  • Use a base case to stop recursion.
  • Useful for factorial, Fibonacci, etc.

Quick Check:

  • Write a recursive function to compute n!.

11. Structures

  • Group multiple variables into a custom type.
  • Access members using the dot . operator.

Quick Check:

  • Create a Book struct with title, author, and price.

12. Classes & Operator Overloading

  • Use class for encapsulation.
  • Overload +, ==, << to improve readability.

Quick Check:

  • Write a Fraction class and overload the + operator.

Revision Test: C++ Basics

Question 1/7

Part 2: Practice Problems

Try solving these to test your complete understanding:

1. Student Records Manager

  • Use a struct Student with name, roll number, GPA.
  • Input and store data for n students.
  • Display all students with GPA above 3.5.

2. Basic Calculator

  • Create a function for each operation: add, subtract, multiply, divide.
  • Ask the user to select an operation and two numbers.
  • Display the result.

3. Matrix Operations

  • Input two 2×2 matrices.
  • Write functions to:
    • Add matrices
    • Multiply matrices
    • Transpose a matrix

4. Mini Game – Number Guessing

  • Generate a random number.
  • Let the user guess until they get it right.
  • Give hints: “too high” or “too low”.

5. Library System (Advanced)

  • Use a Book class with title, author, copies.
  • Allow user to:
    • Add books
    • Search by title
    • Borrow and return books

Part 3: Final Tips

  • Practice writing full programs—not just snippets.
  • Debug step-by-step and use output statements to track variable values.
  • Focus on clear naming and code readability.
  • Don’t memorize—understand how concepts connect.
  • Use online judges like HackerRank, Codeforces, or LeetCode to practice.

Summary

This post helped you:

  • Revisit each core C++ concept from this course
  • Practice with quick checks and full problems
  • Prepare yourself for coding interviews, data structures, or your final exam

Final Word

You’ve now completed the full C++ foundational course here on painlessprogramming.com. Whether you’re a university student or a self-learner, this knowledge gives you the confidence to tackle more advanced topics like:

  • Data Structures and Algorithms
  • Object-Oriented Design
  • Competitive Programming
  • Real-World Projects

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